BACK in the salad days of Gen X, when Ethan, Winona and Janeane took to the silver screen to whinge about divorce, AIDS and McJobs, it was often heard that ours would be the first generation in American history to fare worse than our parents'. When this ominous forecast of generational decline first found my ears, I refused to believe it. My faith in America's free-enterprise system was boundless. That is, if America continued to exist at all! An early-90s collaborative hypertext fiction listserv to which I belonged envisioned our future on the borderless virtual frontier as a disembodied anarchy of infinite freedom and endless innovation in which the laws of conventional economics would be suspended. The American state would become a minor protective-services franchise, as envisioned in "Snow Crash", since income would become untraceable and untaxable, thanks to Peter Thiel. Also, for some reason or other, we would have access to unlimited quantities of LSD, and Terence McKenna and Robert Anton Wilson would stop by our temporary autonomous zone and regale us with tales of worlds beyond the world as a roaring bonfire of discarded Douglas Coupland novels licked the smudged night sky like the forked tongues of a million lizards. This did not come to pass.
Nevertheless, the Clinton-era boom and the rise of a rather less fantastic internet economy laid to rest fears of Gen X's waning fortunes, and my cohort went forth into a sunlit world of stock options, companionate marriages and Netflix marathons. But then, cruel fate, it finally came to pass that Ethan, Winona, Janeane and Ben were more or less vindicated. Reality does bite. We are suffering a great stagnation. Where once I saw pathetic hand-wringing, now I see a venerable American rite of passage. Every generation must contemplate the dread prospect of faring worse than the preceding. (Logically, a few generations hence, the kids will be eating locusts and killing in cold blood for 40-year-old cans of Fancy Feast, but look away, reader, before the abyss looks also into you.) What is your glitch, America?
This unpleasant reverie comes to you courtesy of Matt Miller, who last week upheld this proud American tradition by reminding the under-35 set that:
As many as 100 million Americans live in households today that are earning less than their parents did at a similar age. And this is happening well before we feel the full impact of global economic integration with rising economies like India and China.
According to Mr Miller, college costs too much, college grads are crushed by their student loans, the public schools produce mediocrity instead of mobility, America's economically-vital infrastructure is falling down, and nothing much is being done about any of it. Why not? Old people!
Add it up, and what's it all mean? Younger Americans don't realize they're coming of age in an era in which both parties have pre-committed virtually all public resources to seniors. They'll inherit a government without the cash or flexibility to address emerging non-elderly needs—choices that should be every generation's birthright. Want to help a poor child or fix a bridge? Sorry, kids, the till is empty.
Not fair! So what's to be done? Ice floes? Death panels? Mr Miller offers this instructive tale:
In 1995, when I was a (younger) generational equity worrywart, I asked then-Sen. Alan Simpson how to fix what was clearly coming. Simpson told me nothing would change until someone like me could walk into his office and say, “I'm from the American Association of Young People. We have 30 million members, and we're watching you, Simpson. You [mess with] us and we'll take you out.”
Simpson was right then. He's still right now.
What?! That's it? The best last hope for America's 20-somethings is the "American Association of Young People"? That's not the most depressing thing I've ever heard, but it's close.
Mr Miller seems to me to overestimate the extent to which the prospects of rising generations depend on government spending. I would emphasise that American prospects generally depend on a return to healthy rates of economic growth, and that's not entirely or even primarily a matter of taxpayer-financed "investment" in America's human capital and physical infrastructure. That said, the economy certainly won't break out of its rut if an increasingly huge portion of GDP is consumed by health care and old-age pensions. So Mr Miller is right to suggest, as he does, that younger Americans will have little to look forward to unless it becomes politically possible to end Medicare and Social Security as we know them. But, again, how can this become possible?
The answer is... the answer is: I don't know. Oh wait: I do know. The answer is by refusing en masse, AAYP or not, to concede that a major overhaul of entitlements is somehow mean-spirited, and instead insisting that it is an utter necessity of collective prudence and generational equity. My generation and these "Millennial" youngsters both are going to have to stop being so sensitive about appearing stingy and insist that we get a fair shake, too. Listen to Winona, kids. If you ever manage to get a revolution going, don't disembowel it for a pair of running shoes, or for a pat on the head from the AARP.
(Photo credit: The Picture Desk)



Readers' comments
The Economist welcomes your views. Please stay on topic and be respectful of other readers. Review our comments policy.
Sort:
http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/
books/2012/07/02/120702crbo_books_kolbertg
This is TOUGH! Those of you getting truly screwed are just going to HAVE to come to grips with situation, make a good plan, do it, and tough it out as best you can just like my Chinese students. Or move to a different country. This all is going to take a loooong time, and having inflated visions of what’s under the distant rainbow will most likely hurt more than help in the long run.
First: Do no harm! (self)
Second: Diagnosis!
Perhaps read the New Yorker article “Spoiled Rotten”. It’s going to sting a little:
“Spoiled Rotten”
Para 9:
“With the exception of the imperial offspring of the Ming dynasty and the dauphins of pre-Revolutionary France, contemporary American kids may represent the most indulged young people in the history of the world.”
http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2012/07/02/120702crbo_books_...
If you’re TOTALLY getting screwed, face it: you didn’t adapt to the changing environment, or were clueless & stupid, or asleep/stoned at the switch, or & so on etc.
Think Darwin. Maybe even read his book! It’s a tough read, and for some, it will be shocking.
Chapter 10:
(a.) “…that any form which does not become modified and improved, (for us humans: modify and improve yourself) will be liable to be exterminated.”
(b.) But hope abounds! “Hence the improved and modified descendants of a species will generally cause the extermination of the parent-species.” Whoa! Revolution? (For those of you wishing to argue the above, please read the book carefully before letting fly. OK?
Anyway:
1. Never give up.
2. Keep you sense of humor.
(See TE: 12/19/06: SURVEY: THE BRAIN re: fear>surprise>joy)
3. Obey absolutely rules 1 & 2.
(flex-scientific method recommended)
And if you just KEEP getting the shit kicked out of yourself by a competitor, maybe stop hating/fighting, join them, work your way up their ladder, and help them modify and improve. Piece of cake, huh? Well, maybe.
Remember, and never forget: "Here is you bar of soap, now please step into the chamber with all the others."
Good luck!
;-)
Shouldn't this have been the mission of Occupy Wall Street?
OK, that was a barrage of esoteric entertainment memes that is incomprehensible even to most of us in gen X. Sure the entitlements to the elderly are going to have to be reigned in. But unless we also cut back dramatically on military spending and raise taxes in a way that restrains the winner takes all economy, it clearly is mean spirited and will be rightly voted down by the elderly with support from many of us who are younger.
voted down: not with my support. I know hundreds of Gen X'ers and Y'ers who feel the same way as in the article. In Northern Europe social security as well as (private) pensions are in the process of being cut and changed in order to guarantee the pay out to future generations.
Cities like San Jose and San Diego (democrats) had to reform as 25% of public discretionary expenditure went into pension, and the retirement wave hasn't even started yet. Promises of abundant retirement pay outs were made to and by the same people who saw the biggest housing boom (even if you include the bust), the stock market boom and salaries go up. It was all for themselves and to themselves.
I know many who have felt frustrated because boomers did not want to make place and then suddenly said "you feel entitled, you need to work for it first". Well.. that is a true statement if their careers had not been blocked by the same ones who judge.
Oh no.. you're sadly mistaken: I and many of my gen will vote FOR such a plan.
Everyone's scared of the big bad bear, He dismounted the Bull and hides in the woods. He took all the money and ate all the honey. He made winter come early and slowed the economy. Hibernation is over and he's hungry; to eat all the profits and lick bones dry. We can't blame the bear for he's always been there, but its a shame we forget him because now things get shocking.
I am no American but it's thought provoking to read the article and all the comments on it, which explains how American democracy is and how American culture comes off. Unlike Chinese who prefer to look back at the past, Americans are always looking forward to and worry about their future, which brings momentum to the society proper. And that’s what we Chinese should learn from. We in China have the same decline in generations, complaints on contributions and redistributions by both the old and the younger generations. The answer for us is everyone will be aging and live on pension sometime in future and thus tolerance and patience should take its course.
If you want to know the future, just rent the DVD and view the movie "Idiocracy". Then go to the local gathering place of young folks and see how many are drinking "enhanced water" at $2 a bottle. The modern day "brawndo". The future Unites State of Duh'merica.
I agree in general as a baby boomer who thinks we have robbed your generations. That being said, I am not sure you guys have the spine or the knowledge to get the job done. For all my generations faults and they are legion - we are probably the most selfish and self absorbed generation in history. We also have plenty of guts since we took on a pretty tough system and won and we are diabolically clever at using other people to get what we want behind a mask of idealism and a good deal. We are also well educated - better than you are - and the richest generation in history. So, I advise you to plan well and act with utter ruthless efficiency otherwise we will be the ones that take you out. Good luck and good hunting. This play reminds me of the movie where the old contract killer has the last laugh on his understudy when the latter goes to take him out.
"I advise you to plan well and act with utter ruthless efficiency"
Yes baby boomers planned wonderfully for THEMSELVES. Maybe future generations became more aware of the consequences of this ruthless approach for every other person in the world. Success in America, and most anywhere else now, is a somewhat shallow existence in the context of a exploitive global economy where people need basic resources to survive. Your generation decided this wasn't a problem; younger generations have recognized that it is. We learned from your mistakes.
Actually I agree with Sebastos Dylin (X-er myself). We are facing shortages of resources. Whether raw materials globally, or $$$ or Euro's locally.
I don't think there's a way around it. And whilst the older generation have the most voting power it's the younger generation that holds the purse and has to compete on a global level.
Things will change. Look at Wisconsin, San Diego, San Jose. Look at Northern Europe. All of them are changing benefit-pay outs as we speak, starting now.
As for a global approach and impact: it's not out of altruism if things improve. It's because changes in technology make it economically viable that the pie gets bigger for everyone. If solar is so cheap and with it cheap electric cars, then suddenly CO2, air pollution etc aren't an issue. African small towns have access to water (e.g. through desalination plants), electricity, food, internet etc. Everyone wins, everyone gets empowered.
Did we do it out of the goodness of our hearts? Or was it just the technological changes in our current tech-revolution that made it possible?
The answer is... the answer is:... become a doctor. ;)
Political organization is a problem. A bigger problem is the willingness of youth to believe that naturally, someone is looking out for their interests, even if times are difficult. Imagining that grandma and grandpa are actually stealing your future is a thought that even the LSD set fail to recognize.
"Do you expect me, a bright and top-level engineer at a prestigious university, to pay $100,000 through working five years"
The Hubris, Narcissism and sense of entitlement in this statement is sickening and truly mind boggling, but this is what our current generation thinks they deserve, everything, because they say so (spoiled)
Every Kid these days thinks they are special, they are entitled to $100,000 education, a $100,000 year job, a million dollar house not because of years of hard work, building a business, gaining experience in a career. No just because "I'm special, I think I deserve it"
Guess what Kiddo, I know plenty of Engineers who worked through college, Some didn't even finish, but what matters is performance and drive, not "I paid $100,000 for a degree"
Wozniak, Gates, Jobs, Tesla, Edison I could go on, the cost of a piece of paper does not determine if you have talent, only hard work does
Really, its time to grow up and stop thinking the world owes you anything.
" The Hubris, Narcissism and sense of entitlement in this statement is sickening and truly mind boggling, but this is what our current generation thinks they deserve, everything, because they say so (spoiled)
Every Kid these days thinks they are special, they are entitled to $100,000 education, a $100,000 year job, a million dollar house not because of years of hard work, building a business, gaining experience in a career. No just because "I'm special, I think I deserve it" "
Where do you think these kids you talk about learned that kind of mindset; and from whom? No one is born that way, you know. The chickens are coming home to roost, that's all. Mommy's and Daddy's special little wonder child is coming home after college to live in the same room as before college... Sure, blame the kids. When Diogenes heard a youth cursing, he slapped the youth's father. You would blame the youth who learned that kind of behavior from the parents; and give a free pass to the parents. How is that reasonable and rational, exactly?... You might want to acquaint yourself with the concept of "imprinting" as elucidated by Konrad Lorenz; or not...
A totally old-generation self centered response. I can quote 100x over some old person's demand on pension or social security or guaranteed health care "because they deserve it". For sake of simplicity ignoring the fact that they had jobs in abundance, housing prices doubled (despite the crisis), stocks grew 10-fold or something and salaries went up in the last 30 years. You guys had the trifecta.
Nonetheless there's endless amoung of whining when after blocking anyone in Gen X for decades any progress because you and your buddies kept sitting where you sat and kept your friends in power preventing a younger generation from making a career while milking the system until you could no more.
I think it's time to say "bye bye" to the parasitical sense of entitlement of babyboomers. We have had enough of their egocentric stories of "the 60's revolution". Time to go and be forgotten.
I have to agree with this sentiment, and I am at the tail end of the baby boom generation. We boomers are begrudging when it comes to relinquishing our music, control of social culture and all of the other trappings of youth. Hell, AARP is celebrating endless youth for their members when it creates commercials showing soon-to-be retirees dreaming of what they want to be when they "grow up". Let's face it, boomers have no intention of growing up and we all know staying young is expensive, so there is little chance that my generation will go gentle into the good night of aging. I am ashamed of this and wish it were not so, but many boomers will not cede youth to the young nor the means necessary to build a future.
I agree with your comment even though I am a boomer. We collectively need to get off the stage. We should also try and help the younger folk on the way out. My earlier comment was a challenge and somewhat tung in cheek. I think we have been incredibly selfish and hypocritical during our careers and have in fact dissipated the inheritance we received from the WW2 Generation who invested heavily in our future. We have not invested in yours. If I were you as I implied I would eliminate us in the most ruthless and efficient way possible since unless you do we are likely to completely destroy your future by our self centered greed and narcissism which pretends to be idealistic and multicultural.
I say that the youth - along with everyone else - should gain class consciousness, and demand confiscatory taxes on the wealthy, to fund massive redistribution (i.e., in the form of jobs & welfare programs) to the dispossessed working class.
I think we should just quit spending so much on old people and slash taxes for everyone.
"According to Mr Miller, college costs too much, college grads are crushed by their student loans"
The kinfolk say Jeb, move away from there.
They said, "California is the place you ought to be..."
As of July, 2011, per-unit fees at California's community colleges stand at $36 per unit. Effective Summer 2012, tuition will be raised to $46 per unit.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Community_Colleges_System
4/21/10
Cuyahoga Community College announces 5 percent fall tuition rate increase
PARMA -- Cuyahoga Community College announced Monday that it will increase its tuition this fall by $4.03 a credit hour.
Tuition will rise from $80.54 to $84.57 an hour, an increase of 5 percent. For a student taking 12 credit hours, that’s an additional $48.36 a semester.
http://blog.cleveland.com/parmasunpost/2010/04/cuyahoga_community_colleg...
----
Tri-C has a 2+2 program where you take 2 years (all English classes, Humanities, etc,) with them and transfer to a 4 year college.
Now it's up to $91/credit hour.
http://www.tri-c.edu/payingforcollege/Pages/TuitionPaymentSchedule.aspx
--
BTW... do colleges still allow students to forgo a few classes and earn a few credits if the pass a CLEP test?
NPWFTL
Regards
"Why not? Old people! "
Which is pretty much true. We're paying far, FAR more for end of life care than for (IIRC) any other single item in the economy.
There are two economies in the US.
1. The New Economy based on Technology and Innovation and concentrated in the STEM fields that requires Skilled workers.
2. The old Economy based on Low skill, obselete fields and useless college degrees.
Right now there is a huge shortage of skilled workers in the New economy, Employers constantly complain they can't find enough skilled workers and we must constantly hire these workers from overseas (thus why we have seen the highest surge in Asian Legal immigration on record). For people who work in the New Economy prospects look good.
For people who refuse to get practical degrees or training and instead spend $100,000 on a liberal arts degree, then Yes future prospects in the old economy are much more challenging.
I guess its too much to ask our current generation to learn a practical skill, because just going to college and getting a "degree" entitles you to a job, am I right?
"I went to college I deserve a $100,000 a year job"
The scary thing is... I actually know quite a few college grads who think this.
If "New economy" employers truly have a "huge shortage of workers", why not train unemployed Americans with "useless" degrees? Why import workers when millions are available locally?
The H1B visa is essentially indentured servitude. An American who is mistreated or dissatisfied with their job is eligible for another one. An H1B employee who leaves their job has to leave the country within 14 days.
Because Americans ask for too many benefits and compensation for too little services rendered.
Note that some american developers get paid so much for a project that last 2 months, when some asian undergrad can do the same thing part-time, in a month and for a fraction of the cost (which is huge in their case).
If you were a logical businessman, why would you spend money to train and employ an entitled, inefficient and costly worker, when you can find a much better deal elsewhere?
how about your generation for once, accept compromise and responsibiltiy as well you fool. I am a post-echo boom generation and my parents are the very last of the baby-boomers (they were the people who saw the fall of the soviet Union almost at my age), and yes, they didn't leave me with anything because they couldn't they didnt have resources, but they left me with skills, which are far more valuable than resources because I can make my own resources. a lot of people of your generation failed at doing that, and then b*&^h of how my generation is so spoiled and act like brats, when you should look at yourselves for that because children learn from their parents, and if I recall, a lot of the ww2 generation made the same complains about your generation, which have come out true. enough with the whining, and face the music, enough with the hypocrasy, your time is over and time for real change that your generation failed at doing because a lot of you guys decided to act worse than your parents.
The problem here is that too much was promised to the old, as well as to everyone else. This is the same failure of social democracy everywhere. As long as private property is subject to democratic control, there will be greedy politicians being "generous" with other people's money. Greedmonger FDR pioneered this technique, and it has become the global norm ever since. I don't know how to move beyond it, unless the people 'wise up', and demand limits on the size and scope of government.
"As long as private property is subject to democratic control, there will be greedy politicians being "generous" with other people's money."
While I agree, I get the idea that you seem to think that the so-called "free market" will be any different.
Certainly, the financial sector has been "generous" with other peoples' money as well, to the detriment of the nation as a whole.
Here we go again. The guys who argue for personal responsibility and small government, until they want a subsidy or need a bailout.
[Duplicate]
100% gerontocracy. at the very least current entitlement recipients should be asset-tested and income-tested. AARP members can vote however they please. if they rely on a ponzi, it's just designed to fail. basic math.
"that their house really would keep doubling in value every five, years"
wonder how many realize that this past dream of the elderly that didn't bother to save enough was yet another forced wealth transfer from the have-nots (young just starting out) to those that had it easier (elderly) and own the lion share of the assets in USA.
really wonder why the young put up with these transfers. there's nothing wrong with transfers, it's just that's in the wrong direction. from those that don't have to those that do and keep accumulating. what's this? a subsidy for inheritances? what about those that don't have anything nor will inherit anything? why should they pay the bills of elderly with assets that will be passed down to their richer kids? why continue this asset inequality and make it worst?
while most of the assets in USA are own by those old that get entitlements they don't need, poverty in USA is suffered mostly by the kids. they are the future in an info-based economy. how much human capital can a poor kid accumulate? their current poverty levels will damage USA growth prospects going forward.
but AARP members don't care. cause those kids don't vote! (and they tend to have darker skin of those elderly whites with assets, hence, the elderly asset-owners cannot care less). why do these elderly even bother going to church? they will burn in hell the way they are behaving, that is, if hell does exist.
100% gerontocracy. at the very least current entitlement recipients should be asset-tested and income-tested.
Nope. It won't work.
People will save only up to the limits.
How about a base SS payment.
If one wants to defer spending - via a 401(k), Roth/IRA, etc. -
they should not be penalized. (In the old days we called it planning for the future.)
Remember, 401(k)'s ARE taxable at withdrawl.
what about those that don't have anything nor will inherit anything?
Under your plan, the parents spent the money because it would have counted against the SS benefit.
why should they pay the bills of elderly with assets that will be passed down to their richer kids?
A false premise. People and their employers put money into SS for 40-50 years and it earned interest. Sorta like a bond. Nothing wrong with taking a bond to the bank to cash it in.
You might want to read The Grasshopper and Ant.
> "Sorta like a bond. Nothing wrong with taking a bond to the bank to cash it in."
Sure, on your dime. Those like you that like the system, can keep it as it is. Those of us good at math that understand it's a ponzi, should be allowed to opt-out.
Once the FICA rates go up enough to fund for Medicare/SS for the Boomers, many of the 2nd earners in the coasts will be taxed out of work. The question then will be: do the elderly want them to work for a wage? Then they will have to let to opt-out at least the 2nd earner.
You seem to rely on the same super rosy assumptions the CBO does when calculating what the system will deliver. Adjust them (future wage growth, population growth through immigration that's not happening since 2005, very high youth unemployment, high health care cost inflation, 2nd earner labor force participation, below replacement fertility levels since the mid 70s) and you will see the real picture.
It's simple math! Keep the system for you, if you want me to work for a wage, you will have to allow me to opt-out. Is it clear? That's the vote of the young imho, not in the polls, but through labor force participation of the 2nd earner. :-)
2$ an hour minimum wage you either take that or you will get 30$ that would be worth 2$ in todays money.Its your choice fattie.You are not 10 times more productive than chinese or african .No business is gonna pay you 10$(todays money) an hour an be around to tell the tale in a few decades.So dial down on your wants because starting a war with someone and hope for spoilers are not gonna do you people any good.Thank good for nukes.
What tripe. Obviously, Social Security and Medicare are not to blame for today's economy, which is hitting so many, including the young of the middle class and poor, like a ton of bricks. And, since pensions are increasingly rare, those young people are most definitely going to need Social Security and Medicare when they eventually reach retirement age. (Defined contribution plans just don't cut it for the average person.) Just once I'd like to see some honesty about this issue. This is what the author really means: "I want Social Security and Medicare to end, because I think I've found ways to profit from that, and I don't care that many elderly will suffer greatly from those programs being terminated." It's called selling your soul cheaply.
I call it gerontocracy. Pulling the covers over one's wrinkles and letting the young freeze outside.
But the decline is due to a much more basic truth than the generational phenomenon.
At the end of WWII, the US economy was much more global than any other economy in the world, and its currency was the undisputed master. Several secretaries of State proudly declared that the United States exercised control over more than half of commodities traded worldwide. During this 'golden era' of life in the US, it was actually the rest of the world that was footing the bill for US wealth.
Yet the US has largely lost the competitive advantage which, truthfully, was little more than master over the world's productive capacities.
In 2012, information travels faster, and peoples abroad are much more capable of organizing their politics and economies such that they are ever less dependent upon Uncle Sam to organize their economies.
Small wonder that we should witness constant and rapid erosion of purchasing power. Those who were paying for it have decided to keep the benefits.
And THAT is the true reason why the resources of the elderly dwarf those of the young. Not to mention that they're largely unwilling to share them...